Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats-from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers-interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
Dream Killer
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Metal Star
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DreamDiver
The 'Explore' feature has introduced me to authors I might never have discovered otherwise. I can't get enough of this app's user-friendly interface β it's a true delight. π§ Finally, an app that understands my need for convenience and ease of use! Audiobooks have never been this accessible. ππ± ListenBook has become an integral part of my daily routine. Its compatibility with Apple Watch and CarPlay makes it the ultimate companion for various activities. The ability to download audio from various sources without syncing is fantastic. ListenBook makes it so easy.
Hog Butcher
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Divine Quasar
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Flakes
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Homerun Diva
ListenBook has brought stories back into my life, making every moment a new adventure. This app's convenience and ease of use have transformed my screen time into productive learning sessions. Finally, an app that lets me organize my audiobooks effortlessly. The library organization and book groups feature make navigation a breeze. Makes audiobook listening super easy and enjoyable. Thanks, ListenBook!
Slinger
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The Happy Jock
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Whipsaw
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RiddleRover
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Bliss
This app is my audiobook haven. With a user-friendly interface and features like audio filters, I'm engrossed in stories like never before. ππ ListenBook's player features, like chapters and bookmarks, make it a versatile tool for any listener.
All Natural
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Stallion Patton
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Sand Whiskers
ListenBook's support for various audio formats means I never have to worry about compatibility issues. This app's convenience has made me fall in love with audiobooks all over again. Library organization and book groups make managing my audiobook collection a breeze. CUE playlist support is a thoughtful feature that keeps my audiobook listening organized and enjoyable.
Sky Trinity
Audiobooks have turned my mundane activities into opportunities for learning and enjoyment. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature is a game-changer. My audio quality has improved dramatically. The app is worth every penny. Itβs packed with features and works flawlessly.
ForumFlare
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Icy Avenger
I'm addicted to the personalized recommendations β it's like the app knows me! π My audiobook haven β this app is like a door to endless adventures and knowledge! ππ Simplifying audiobook adventures β this app's ease of use is a delight. Book groups are a thoughtful addition. It's like having virtual bookshelves! Iβve tried many audiobook players, and this one is by far the best.
Beo
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Centurion Sherman
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Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience