Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats-from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers-interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
Sugar Domino
Thanks to ListenBook, I'm now exploring different genres and formats I never thought I would. The app’s design is sleek and modern. ListenBook is my favorite audiobook player.
Gold Bentley
ListenBook's support for a variety of download methods means I can access my content in the way that suits me best. ListenBook has rekindled my love for audiobooks. The app's interface is beautiful and user-friendly. Sharing audiobooks via AirDrop is incredibly convenient. Great feature!
Drop Stone
Listening to audiobooks has turned mundane tasks into enjoyable experiences. ListenBook's dedication to excellence shines through in its impeccable audio quality and user-friendly features. Efficiency meets audiobooks – this app's functionality is a true standout.
Dahlia Bumble
This app's convenience has revolutionized the way I experience books. 🎧 My daily chores just got an upgrade! Thanks to this app, I can dive into captivating stories while cooking and cleaning. 📚🍳
Brick Mooch
Noise reduction on ListenBook Pro is impressive. My recordings sound crystal clear. ListenBook’s playback is silky-smooth. The app never glitches.
Chasm Face
ListenBook's compatibility with various formats has made it my go-to app for all audio content. With this app, reading is no longer a task – it's a delightful habit. 💪 Flexing my reading muscles with this app's easy-to-use controls – I'm devouring books while managing my busy schedule. 💼📚 ListenBook Pro's tone adjustment feature is a unique touch that adds personalization to my audiobook journey.
Desert Haze
My workouts have become more enjoyable and productive with ListenBook's compatibility with Apple Watch. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature is a revelation. It eliminates distractions and enhances the clarity of recordings, resulting in a more immersive experience. No need for file conversion is a game-changer. Love using ListenBook on my iPhone.
Impulsive Flower
is a breeze. It's incredibly convenient for building my collection. The listening stats feature is awesome. I can track my audiobook habits effortlessly. Fairly enjoyable, but forgettable. I didn’t have any major complaints, but I also don’t see myself revisiting this one. It was a decent way to spend a few hours, though.
Bad Badminton
Automatic metadata retrieval is a neat touch. My library is well-organized. Automated artwork and metadata retrieval make my audiobook library look organized and visually appealing.
Digital Goddess
This app's playback controls and features make it a breeze to customize my listening experience. This app's support for various formats ensures that I can enjoy my audiobooks without any hassle.
Snow Hound
The ability to switch between different books effortlessly is a major plus. ListenBook's support for various formats means I can explore a wide range of content without limitations. ListenBook has made managing and enjoying audiobooks, lectures, and speeches effortless and enjoyable. An absolutely stellar production from start to finish! The narrator's command of pacing and tone was masterful, knowing exactly when to speed up for excitement or slow down for dramatic effect. The audio quality was pristine with no distracting mouth sounds or uneven volume.
Feline Devil
The app's design is sleek and modern – it's a pleasure to navigate. I can't get enough of this app's intuitive design – it's like a personal library right at my fingertips. With this app, my daily routines have become moments of intellectual growth and personal enjoyment. Bookmarks are a lifesaver for audiobook lovers. They help me keep track of important moments. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature has significantly enhanced my audio quality.
Opulent Gamer
ListenBook's compatibility with various formats ensures I never miss out on any audio gem. Great for fans of this genre! The pacing, narration, and production quality were all excellent. It felt like a movie playing in my mind. I’ll be checking out more from this narrator for sure.
Pistol Hydro
ListenBook Pro's unlimited audiobook length is a boon for those who enjoy deep dives into lengthy narratives. The app is very easy to use. ListenBook makes managing my audiobook library simple. I've listened to hundreds of audiobooks and this narrator is now in my top 5. Their timing and inflection were masterful. Never a dull moment in the entire performance.
Cujo
Audiobooks on this app have made my workouts more enjoyable and productive. 🎶 Swapping background music for the soothing voices of narrators – audiobooks have become my soundtrack for daily life. 🎵📚
VenusXX
I can't get enough of this app's intuitive design and user-friendly interface. ListenBook has turned my ordinary moments into extraordinary adventures through stories. Bookmarks are a lifesaver for study materials. I never lose my place again. The app's compatibility with CarPlay and Apple Watch enhances my listening experience on the go. An average audiobook experience. Nothing was wrong with it—the narration was fine, and the story was okay—but nothing particularly stood out. It served its purpose as entertainment during my commute.
Purity
Download options are abundant, from WiFi to iTunes. It's all about convenience with this app. Automatic metadata retrieval adds a professional touch to my audiobook collection. The intuitive interface and efficient navigation make this app a pleasure to use every day.
Kimono Goddess
This app has made me appreciate the art of storytelling even more. With ListenBook, I can listen to my favorite audiobooks and speeches with maximum comfort and convenience. ListenBook's dedication to delivering a top-notch experience is evident in every detail. ListenBook is packed with useful features. It’s the best audiobook app I’ve used. The ability to download audiobooks directly is fantastic. ListenBook is very convenient.
Whistler
This app's seamless integration with my devices has made audiobook listening a hassle-free experience. Sharing audiobooks through AirDrop is a thoughtful and enjoyable way to share my favorite stories with friends and introduce them to new worlds of literature.
Bowie
I can't believe I waited so long to start listening to audiobooks – this app has converted me! I'm grateful for this app, as it allows me to keep up with my reading even while multitasking. ListenBook's dedication to excellence shines through in its performance and features. With this app, every moment becomes an opportunity to indulge in fantastic stories. The controls, layout, and seamless playback are a reader's dream. 📚🎧 I've listened to hundreds of audiobooks, and this one stands out for its professional quality. The narrator struck the ideal balance between dramatic interpretation and letting the text speak for itself. The audio engineering was superb with consistent volume levels and crystal-clear recording.
Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience