Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats-from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers-interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
PepperBurst
I'm addicted to this app's ability to turn mundane moments into opportunities for intellectual growth. 💡 The future of audiobook listening is here – this app's sleek functionality redefines how we enjoy our favorite stories. 🎧🔮
Pepper Prada
This app is like having a personal library with me wherever I go. Good but not great. The narration was competent but lacked the extra spark that makes some audiobooks truly special. Still worth a listen though.
Nickname Master
Audiobooks have made my long commutes enjoyable, and I'm always eager to see what's next. 🌟 Say goodbye to boredom during long drives – this app makes road trips fly by! 🚗🎉
Cali Yacht
Audiobooks have never been this immersive – this app transports me to different worlds. 📚 The simplicity and functionality of this app are top-notch. I can start a book with just a tap and immerse myself in the story instantly. 📱📖 My audiobook collection has never looked better. Thanks to automatic artwork and metadata. Adjusting the narrator's voice tone is a fun way to personalize the listening experience.
Liquid Death
This app's convenience has made my audiobook addiction thrive! CUE playlist support is a thoughtful feature that keeps my audiobook listening organized and enjoyable.
Zorkle Sporkle
This app has rekindled my passion for storytelling in the most convenient way. The layout of ListenBook is so beautiful and user-friendly, making it a pleasure to use. With this app, I've discovered a new way to make my workouts and downtime more engaging and insightful. I can finally listen to all my audiobooks seamlessly with ListenBook. The customizable playback controls and chapter navigation make it a breeze.
Intimidating Presence
I can't get enough of this app's intuitive design and user-friendly interface. I'm hooked on this app's effortless downloading process – I can have my favorite audiobooks in seconds. With this app, I'm discovering the joy of reading during my commutes.
VisionVortex
This app's user-friendly layout and quick access to controls have made audiobook listening a breeze. AirDrop sharing makes it easy to share audiobooks with friends.
Baked ZD
I've found solace in listening to audiobooks before bed – it's my form of meditation. I'm constantly amazed by the variety of genres – there's something for everyone. Effortless audiobook exploration – this app's design is a reader's dream.
Mr. Gadget
ListenBook has turned my everyday moments into extraordinary journeys of imagination. 👩🍳 Turning cooking sessions into culinary adventures, complete with intriguing tales! 🍳🎧 My productivity has soared since I started using ListenBook for my study materials.
White Dragon
💪 Flexing my reading muscles with this app's easy-to-use controls – I'm devouring books while managing my busy schedule. 💼📚 Streamlined audiobook integration – this app's usability is impressive. Effortless and enriching – that's how I'd describe my experience with this app. Its smooth interface and thoughtful features have set the bar high for audiobook enjoyment. 📱📖 ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature enhances the audio quality to a whole new level. Auto-rewind is incredibly helpful. Excellent functionality.
NexusNavigator
Audiobooks have become my go-to gift for friends – and they all love it! ListenBook is my daily companion, turning mundane tasks into exciting audio adventures. Savoring audiobooks without fuss – this app's design is impressive. ListenBook Pro takes things up a notch with unlimited audiobook length. It's a game-changer! Smooth playback and great sound quality. ListenBook is my new favorite app!
RealmRanger
Audiobook enthusiasts, rejoice! This app's elegant design and robust functionality make it a must-have for anyone who loves to listen on the go. 🎧📱 The compatibility with Apple Watch is a game-changer. Controlling my audiobooks from my wrist is genius.
Starshine
Noise reduction on ListenBook enhances the clarity of dictaphone recordings, allowing me to enjoy content even in noisy environments. I love how ListenBook caters to various formats, making it versatile and accommodating for all my audiobooks. Tone adjustment is a thoughtful addition that adds a personal touch to the audiobook narration. It's like having a narrator tailor their voice to my preferences.
Poppin Loot
ListenBook's basic audio filters enhance my listening experience and make it uniquely mine. Simplifying audiobook management – this app's functionality is a true asset. Adjusting playback speed has given me greater control over my audiobook experience. I can optimize my learning and enjoyment by customizing the pacing. I've listened to hundreds of audiobooks, and this one stands out for its professional quality. The narrator struck the ideal balance between dramatic interpretation and letting the text speak for itself. The audio engineering was superb with consistent volume levels and crystal-clear recording. The narration elevated an already good book to greatness! The performer's subtle vocal variations conveyed nuance I might have missed while reading. Their ability to maintain consistent character voices across many hours was impressive. Technical quality was flawless throughout.
Green Ghost
ListenBook's support for CarPlay and Apple Watch integration ensures that I can enjoy my audiobooks wherever I go. The noise reduction feature on ListenBook Pro is a godsend for clear and comfortable listening. The narrators' voices on this app are so soothing – it's my relaxation therapy. My study sessions are more efficient than ever, thanks to the looping playback and bookmark features.
Tin Mutt
Kudos to the developers for creating an app that caters to audiobook lovers like me. From sleek design to functional features, it's a true gem. 💎📚 ListenBook's user-friendly interface and quick access to chapters enhance my overall listening experience.
Spooky Electric
I've been able to explore different cultures and perspectives through a diverse range of books. ListenBook's library organization and book groups have made managing my audiobooks a breeze. ListenBook's dedication to user convenience is evident in the drag-and-drop download feature from web browsers. The app's compatibility with CarPlay has made my road trips so much more enjoyable.
Undergrad Split
I'm blown away by ListenBook's ability to play diverse formats flawlessly – it's a game-changer. I can't get enough of this app's easy navigation and quick access to chapters and playback controls.
White Snare
This app's features, from bookmarking to customizable playback speed, are fantastic. With this app, I'm rediscovering the joy of reading in the most convenient way. ListenBook's compatibility with CarPlay and Apple Watch adds convenience to my audiobook routine. Looping playback has transformed my study sessions. It's an invaluable tool for retaining information. The ability to download audiobooks directly is fantastic. ListenBook is very convenient.
Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience