Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats-from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers-interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
Bad Badminton
This app has introduced me to genres I never thought I'd enjoy – it's eye-opening. Audiobooks on this app have made my morning rituals something to look forward to. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature is a blessing for clear dictaphone recordings. Great for both casual listening and studying. The audio filters are a nice touch.
QuantumQuipper
This app has reignited my passion for literature – I'm devouring books like never before. I'm hooked on this app's curated content – it's like having a personal librarian. Supports all my playlists and bookmarks. Very convenient.
Dance Cannon
The Looping playback and Shuffle features on ListenBook help me customize my listening sessions to my liking. Listening to audiobooks on this app has become my favorite way to relax. This app has made long flights and road trips so much more enjoyable. The statistics feature is a fantastic addition – knowing how much time I spend on audiobooks is eye-opening, and ListenBook makes tracking it a breeze. Automatic artwork and metadata retrieval is a time-saver. My library looks fantastic.
QuantumQuill
ListenBook has redefined my audiobook journey, making it more enjoyable and convenient than ever before. The ListenBook app has become an indispensable part of my daily routine, helping me learn and relax simultaneously. ListenBook's support for a variety of download methods means I can access my content in the way that suits me best. ListenBook's versatile features have made my audiobook experience more enjoyable than ever. Effortlessly enjoying audiobook journeys – this app's ease of use is a delight.
Howitzer Rise
Listening to audiobooks on this app has become my favorite way to relax. I can't get enough of this app's convenience – it has transformed my audiobook journey into a joyous experience. ListenBook has become my gateway to new worlds, allowing me to explore stories, ideas, and knowledge. Unlimited length audiobooks with ListenBook Pro are a huge plus! Binaural audio processing reduces listening fatigue. Fantastic feature!
Broomspun
Effortless audiobook exploration – this app's functionality is a true delight. Sharing audiobooks through AirDrop is a great way to spread the joy of storytelling with friends. Sharing audiobooks through AirDrop is a fun and convenient way to share the magic of storytelling with friends and family, sparking meaningful discussions. I love the ability to change the playback speed. It’s perfect for my needs.
Universe Bullet
Listening stats keep me motivated to read more. Great addition! The ability to play various audio formats without conversion is very convenient. ListenBook is a great app. The statistics tracking feature is very useful. ListenBook helps me keep track of my listening time.
Nacho
This app has rekindled my passion for literature in a whole new way. Absolutely love this app! It's made my daily commute so much more enjoyable. Bookmarks are a fantastic tool for keeping track of important moments. They're a game-changer. I love the ability to change the font size. It makes reading the titles so easy. The app is perfect for people who love to read but don’t have the time.
MythMaker
I'm in awe of how technology has enhanced my reading experience through this app. Audiobook enjoyment without the hassle – this app's design is a win. Book groups are a thoughtful addition. It's like having virtual bookshelves! ListenBook has seamlessly integrated into my daily routine, enhancing my workouts, commutes, and moments of relaxation. It's a true companion. The app is perfect for bedtime listening. The sleep timer is a must-have.
Tea Kettle
I can finally tackle my reading list while stuck in traffic – what a win! This audiobook app is a true gem – it brings stories to life with every click. ListenBook's commitment to a seamless user experience is evident in its sleek design and intuitive controls.
Steel Solstice
No more hassle with formats – this app ensures my audiobook adventures are smooth, and my favorite tales are just a tap away. Highly recommended! 📚🎧 Adjusting the tone of the voice is a creative feature. It allows for a unique and personalized experience. I've listened to hundreds of audiobooks, and this one stands out for its professional quality. The narrator struck the ideal balance between dramatic interpretation and letting the text speak for itself. The audio engineering was superb with consistent volume levels and crystal-clear recording.
Sokol
Controls are intuitive and user-friendly, making my audiobook experience seamless. The app’s design is sleek and modern. ListenBook is my favorite audiobook player. What a delightful listening experience! The narrator's timing was impeccable, knowing exactly when to pause for effect or let the words flow. Their character voices were distinct yet natural - no over-the-top accents or distracting vocal tics. The audio quality was consistently excellent.
Granola
ListenBook's support for chapters and bookmarks ensures that I never lose my place in a story. With ListenBook, I can enjoy a wide range of audiobook formats without any hassle, making my listening experience seamless. Audiobook excellence – this app's design enhances my reading experience. The app is perfect for bedtime listening. The sleep timer is a must-have.
Skylark
Organizing my audiobook library has never been easier. The app keeps everything tidy. The app is so versatile. It works with all my devices. An unobjectionable but unexceptional audiobook experience. The narrator's performance was serviceable and the audio quality was fine, but nothing about the production particularly stood out or elevated the material. It was decent background listening. The narrator was good but spoke a bit too slowly for my taste. I had to speed it up to 1.2x which then made some parts sound slightly unnatural.
RealmRanger
This app has turned my cooking sessions into culinary adventures with a side of stories. ListenBook has enriched my life with a diverse range of content, all at my fingertips. I'm amazed at how this app has made reading a seamless part of my life. The intuitive chapter navigation and quick access to controls make my audiobook experience seamless.
Spunky Chick
🏃♂️📚 Running through chapters, literally! This app keeps me motivated on the track. 🏃♂️📖 🎙️ This app's user-friendly interface has transformed my daily walks into immersive storytelling sessions. Kudos to the developers! 🚶♀️📖 A serviceable audiobook that met basic expectations. The narration was clear if somewhat unremarkable, and the production quality was standard without any noticeable technical issues. It kept me moderately engaged during workouts but didn't leave a lasting impression.
DollFaceKillah
Audiobooks have made long flights feel like a breeze – a true travel essential. ListenBook's compatibility with playlists and CUE files is a great addition for those who love organized listening. ListenBook is hands down the best audiobook player I’ve ever used. The interface is clean, intuitive, and packed with features like customizable playback speed and sleep timers. It supports all formats, which is a huge plus for me. Highly recommend!
Take Away
With ListenBook Pro, I can customize the tone of the sound to match my preferences – it's a fantastic touch. Audiobooks on this app have made my daily walks a time of reflection and inspiration. ListenBook has rekindled my passion for learning. I'm exploring new topics every day. ListenBook’s support for CarPlay is great. I can listen to audiobooks in my car easily. I've found my new favorite narrator! Their voice was perfectly suited to this material, with just the right blend of authority and approachability. The production quality was broadcast-level - no distracting breaths, clicks, or inconsistent volume. Already looking for more of their work.
Sugar Apple
ListenBook's support for playlists in the CUE format makes organizing and enjoying audiobook series a delightful experience. Sharing audiobooks through AirDrop is a wonderful way to spread the joy of storytelling.
Tall Sally
I can't get enough of this app's intuitive controls – it's the perfect way to indulge in audiobooks. 🏝️🎧 Packing for vacation just got better – this app is my getaway entertainment! 🌴📖 The auto-rewind feature is a small detail that enhances my listening experience. It's these thoughtful touches that matter! The ability to adjust the tone of the narrator's voice is a creative touch that adds depth to my listening. I love the chapter navigation feature. ListenBook makes it easy to jump between sections.
Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience