Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucratsโfrom teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyersโinteract directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
Mr. Peppermint
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Third Moon
Changing the tone of the sound on ListenBook Pro adds a personal touch to my experience. Looping playback has made memorization so much easier. I'm acing my exams! The quick access to chapters and controls makes the app a joy to use. I'm always in control. ListenBook has broadened my horizons by introducing me to a diverse range of audiobooks. It's a gateway to endless knowledge, entertainment, and inspiration.
Alpha
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Toxic-oxide
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Grave Digger
I'm impressed by how this app seamlessly syncs across my devices. I can't imagine a day without this app โ it has made my audiobook journey effortless and rewarding. With features like auto-rewind, I never lose my place when I pause listening.
ThickSKN
This app's user-friendly interface has made audiobook listening a breeze, even for a tech novice like me. This app is like a personal audiobook concierge! The ability to download and organize audio files effortlessly is a game-changer for my reading routine. ๐ฑ๐ CUE playlist support is a thoughtful feature that keeps my audiobook listening organized and enjoyable. Sharing audiobooks with friends through AirDrop is a fun way to inspire others to read.
Cumulo
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ThoughtTracer
ListenBook has brought the joy of audiobooks back into my life in a whole new way. ListenBook Pro's tone adjustment feature is a unique tool that adds a touch of creativity to my listening experience. Automatic metadata retrieval adds a professional touch to my audiobook collection.
ByteBard
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Swedish Twizz
This app has made me appreciate the art of storytelling even more. With ListenBook, my audio content is organized, accessible, and ready to inspire me. Makes audiobook listening super easy and enjoyable. Thanks, ListenBook!
WanderWord
The ListenBook app has become an indispensable part of my daily routine, helping me learn and relax simultaneously. Chapters make navigation a breeze. I can easily pick up where I left off.
Tweety
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Charms
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Capital F
With ListenBook, I can listen to my favorite audiobooks and speeches with the utmost comfort and convenience. Audiobooks have turned my quiet moments into imaginative journeys โ thank you, app! ๐ฅ Spicing up my routine with this app โ it's like having a personal storyteller on hand at all times! โจ๐ Seamless audiobook integration โ this app's functionality is a technological marvel.
Shamrock
ListenBook's chapters, controls, and filters have transformed my listening sessions into immersive journeys. ListenBookโs audio quality is excellent. The app enhances my listening experience.
Flakes
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Microwave Chardonnay
The ability to highlight passages and take notes while listening is a fantastic feature. ๐ถ Swapping background music for the soothing voices of narrators โ audiobooks have become my soundtrack for daily life. ๐ต๐ โญ๏ธ A round of applause for an app that prioritizes functionality โ I can seamlessly switch between audiobooks and other tasks. ๐๐ง Looping playback is an invaluable study tool. It helps me absorb complex information effortlessly.
RiddleRanger
๐ Transforming my mundane routine into a captivating journey โ thank you, this app! โจ๐ Binaural audio processing reduces fatigue during long listening sessions. A fantastic feature!
Landfill Max
Binaural audio processing on ListenBook is a thoughtful addition that keeps my ears comfortable during extended listening sessions. ListenBook's smooth playback and easy navigation ensure that my audiobook experience is always top-notch. I'm addicted to this app's seamless performance and impressive library. This app has turned my cooking sessions into culinary adventures with a side of stories. The statistics feature is a fantastic addition โ knowing how much time I spend on audiobooks is eye-opening, and ListenBook makes tracking it a breeze.
BloodEater
This app's convenience has made reading a priority in my busy schedule. Book groups feature keeps series and related titles together. Neat and tidy!
Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience