Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats—from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers—interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
Twix Esses
I'm amazed at how effortlessly I can immerse myself in stories with this app. Automated extraction of artwork and metadata adds a professional touch to my library.
ShadowDancer
The convenience of switching between devices without losing my place is a lifesaver. ListenBook's seamless integration with CarPlay enhances my daily commute, making it a productive and enjoyable experience. Audiobook adventures simplified – this app's functionality is a revelation. ListenBook has all the features I need. My go-to audiobook app!
Sw33per
🚶♀️🌌 This app's functionality makes every walk an adventure – I'm immersed in stories as I explore the world around me. 🏞️📖 ListenBook's compatibility with a wide range of audio formats ensures that no audiobook is off-limits. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature is a revelation. It eliminates distractions and enhances the clarity of recordings, resulting in a more immersive experience. The interface is beautiful and functional. ListenBook is my go-to app for audiobooks.
Gingersnap Woman
ListenBook's commitment to delivering an exceptional audiobook experience is evident in its thoughtful features and design. ListenBook's support for CarPlay and Apple Watch integration has elevated my listening experience. 🎶📚 Tuning in to the symphony of stories – audiobooks are the soundtrack of my daily routines. 🎵📚 ListenBook has completely elevated my audiobook experience. It's an integral part of my daily routine. The sleep timer is a lifesaver. I fall asleep listening to my books every night.
TrixiePhany
I'm discovering books I wouldn't have considered before, and my reading horizons are expanding. ListenBook's features are a dream come true for anyone who loves to learn on the go. Seamless audiobook integration – this app's functionality is truly remarkable. The ability to play various audio formats without conversion is very convenient. ListenBook is a great app. Good but not great. The narration was competent but lacked the extra spark that makes some audiobooks truly special. Still worth a listen though.
Scratch
ListenBook's support for multiple download methods ensures I can always access my favorite content. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature has made my dictaphone recordings much more comfortable to listen to. Changing the tone of the sound on ListenBook Pro is a unique feature that adds a personal touch to my listening. Library organization has never been this easy. My audiobook collection is finally tidy. The app is very intuitive. ListenBook makes finding and playing audiobooks simple.
Energy
👀📚 Embarking on literary journeys even with my eyes closed – bedtime stories have taken a new form with this app! 😴🎧 🎉 Rekindling my literary flame – this app has brought back the joy of reading in a whole new format. 📖🚀 CUE playlist support helps me organize my audiobooks efficiently. It's a great organizational tool. The listening stats feature is awesome. I can track my audiobook habits effortlessly. ListenBook’s CarPlay support makes listening in the car a seamless experience.
Sir Shark
Kudos for the thoughtfully curated collections – I'm discovering hidden gems! Audiobook journey simplified – this app's functionality is a wonderful surprise.
Fatsy Bear
I'm on a literary adventure wherever I go, all thanks to this app. Its extensive format support and effortless navigation make audiobook listening a breeze. 🌟📚 ListenBook Pro has taken my audiobook experience to the next level. No regrets! The interface is so clean and clutter-free. It’s a pleasure to use.
Green Ghost
I love how this app turns even the dullest tasks into exciting storytelling moments. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature is like a magical spell that transports me into the heart of the story. The ability to adjust playback speed and volume is a game-changer for me. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature has significantly enhanced my audio quality. The bookmark feature is fantastic. I can easily pick up where I left off.
Switch
I can't imagine my life without this app – it's my passport to countless stories. User-friendly audiobook experience – this app's design is a standout. Effortless and enriching – that's how I'd describe my experience with this app. Its functionality, from seamless downloads to binaural audio processing, has truly raised the bar. 📱📖 The app's interface is so sleek and modern. It's a joy to use. This app is a must-have for audiobook enthusiasts. The ability to adjust skip intervals and playback speed is fantastic. I also love the auto-bookmark feature—it saves my place automatically, so I never lose track. Worth every penny!
DreamDiver
I've been able to explore different cultures and perspectives through a diverse range of books. This app has turned my long walks into delightful literary adventures. I can't believe how easy it is to download and manage my audio content using ListenBook. ListenBook has made my daily activities more interesting and meaningful – I'm hooked! This app is perfect for audiobook lovers. The interface is beautiful and easy to navigate.
Shwatson
With this app, my audiobook library is organized and accessible, making my reading journey effortless. 🎶📚 Enriching my environment with the power of storytelling – audiobooks infuse my home with literary magic. 🎧🏠 📱 Accessing my favorite stories has never been this straightforward – this app's functionality is a bookworm's dream come true. 📚💫 Effortlessly managing my audiobook library – this app's design is a triumph. Adjusting playback speed has transformed the way I consume audiobooks. I can tailor the pacing to match my learning style and preferences.
Cream
ListenBook has become my trusted companion, guiding me through the realms of imagination. Bookmarks have become my study companion. I can easily revisit important passages in my audiobooks. The app's integration with CarPlay enhances my road trips with immersive audiobook journeys. ListenBook Pro's noise reduction ensures that my listening experience remains clear and enjoyable.
IdeaAlchemy
This app has reignited my passion for literature – I'm devouring books like never before. Changing the tone of the sound on ListenBook Pro adds a personalized touch to my audiobook experience. ListenBook's compatibility with various formats ensures that my audio needs are met. 💪 Achieving double wins – workouts become invigorating with stories to fuel my motivation! 💪🎧 Listening to audiobooks has never been this enjoyable. Thank you, ListenBook!
Acetic Princess
ListenBook's integration with CarPlay and Apple Watch is a seamless addition to my daily routine. The interface is beautiful and functional. ListenBook is my go-to app for audiobooks.
Whip Chu
Simplifying audiobook adventures – this app's ease of use is a delight. ListenBook has become my go-to audiobook app. It's dependable, user-friendly, and enhances every listening session. Sharing audiobooks through AirDrop is a wonderful way to spread the joy of storytelling. Listening stats feature keeps me motivated to read more. Love it! I love how ListenBook makes it easy to organize my audiobook library. The app supports all formats, and the import process is a breeze. The playback controls are responsive, and the sound quality is excellent. Highly recommend!
Airport Hobo
ListenBook's user-friendly interface and precise controls make it a joy to use every day. ListenBook Pro offers an unbeatable deal – unlimited audiobook length and noise reduction. 🎶📚 Replacing melodies with literary symphonies – my ears are in love! 🎵📚 The playback history is a great feature. I can easily revisit my favorite parts.
Tunez
An audiobook lover's dream come true. So many options, I'm in heaven! ListenBook's sharing options make it easy for me to connect with fellow audiobook enthusiasts. Flawless support for various audio formats. Highly satisfied.
BlacKitten
🏝️ Basking in the sun with an audiobook – relaxation meets storytelling paradise! ☀️📖 ListenBook has enriched my life with a world of captivating stories and knowledge. It's not just an app; it's a portal to endless possibilities. ListenBook is the ultimate audiobook player. The app is packed with features like customizable skip intervals, playback speed, and sleep timers. The interface is clean and easy to navigate, making it a joy to use. Five stars! A perfectly acceptable audiobook that fulfilled its purpose. The narration was competent if not particularly memorable, and the production quality was standard for the genre. It served as decent background entertainment during mundane tasks.
Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience