Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats-from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers-interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
Pop Bee
ListenBook has enriched my life with a diverse range of content, all at my fingertips. ππ Falling asleep to audiobooks has never been easier β this app's soothing voices π΄π§ π‘ Balancing learning and living effortlessly β audiobooks on demand, thanks to this app! π§π« Organization made simple β this app's efficient management of my audiobook collection ensures that every story is just a tap away. Convenience at its finest. ππ± Listened to this on a road trip and it made the hours fly by. Even my passengers who weren't following along commented on how nice the narrator's voice was.
Bearded Angler
With this app, I can enjoy my favorite stories while traveling, making my journeys more delightful. This app's compatibility with various devices ensures that I can enjoy my audiobooks wherever I go. I'm hooked on this app's ability to make every moment a reading moment. π Igniting my imagination while preparing dinner β this app adds flavor to every meal! π²π Audiobook magic at my fingertips! This app's comprehensive features, from statistics tracking to enhanced audio quality, enrich my reading. πβ¨
ZenaCake
βοΈ Turning mundane tasks into exciting adventures β this app makes folding laundry a breeze with audiobooks! ππ§ The audio filters make a noticeable difference. ListenBook provides an excellent listening experience.
Mad Kid
I love how this app's user-friendly interface allows me to navigate through chapters and controls effortlessly. I'm in awe of how this app has made reading seamlessly fit into my lifestyle. Downloading audiobooks is a breeze, thanks to the variety of options available. I love the chapter navigation feature. ListenBook makes it easy to find specific sections. I love the ability to share my progress with friends. Itβs a fun feature.
ThoughtTracer
Changing the tone of the sound on ListenBook Pro adds a personal touch to my experience. ListenBook's compatibility with various formats has made it my go-to app for all audio content. ListenBook has elevated my audiobook experience to new heights. It's a treasure trove of knowledge.
Nickname Master
The narrator's voices are so soothing β a perfect way to unwind after a stressful day. ListenBook's library organization features have transformed my chaotic audiobook collection into an organized masterpiece. ListenBook's compatibility with CarPlay and Apple Watch integration is a brilliant touch. ListenBook has become my ultimate audiobook companion. It enhances every listening session.
Swerve
π Finding the perfect audiobook is a breeze with this app's robust search and recommendation features. My reading list has never been better! ππ« ListenBook has become an integral part of my daily routine. Its compatibility with Apple Watch and CarPlay makes it the ultimate companion for various activities. Not the best audiobook I've heard but far from the worst. The production quality was good and there were no major issues with the narration.
Grabber
ListenBook's powerful audio downloading features are a game-changer β I can have my audiobooks ready in no time. With this app, I'm rediscovering the joy of reading in the most convenient way. As a busy individual, I appreciate ListenBook's versatility in downloading audio files from various sources. It's a time-saver for sure! ListenBook's noise reduction feature in the Pro version is a game-changer. I can now focus on the story even in noisy environments. Chapters make navigation a breeze. I can easily pick up where I left off.
Automatic Slicer
Listening to audiobooks while cooking has made meal prep much more enjoyable. I'm constantly amazed by the variety of genres β there's something for everyone. ποΈ Basking in the sun with an audiobook β relaxation meets storytelling paradise! βοΈπ Kudos to the developers for crafting an app that understands readers' needs. The smooth playback and sleek design are pure perfection. ππ Every moment is a chance to explore new stories with this app. Its intuitive features and compatibility ensure my audiobook journey is seamless. ππ§
MindfulMingle
I love how this app fits seamlessly into my daily routine. πΆββοΈπ Strolling through stories on a lazy afternoon β this app is my relaxation buddy! ποΈπ§ Chapters make it so easy to pick up where I left off. No more hunting around. Adjustable playback speed and volume control make for a customized experience. Finally, an app that supports all my audiobook formats! ListenBook is a game-changer.
Vortex
With ListenBook, I can effortlessly manage and organize my audiobook library. ListenBook's sleek interface and precise controls make it a joy to use during my daily listening sessions. The appβs design is sleek and modern. ListenBook is my favorite audiobook player.
Midnight Rider
ListenBook's innovation, seamless playback, and versatile features make it a standout app. The statistics tracking is a nice touch. ListenBook helps me keep track of my audiobook habits.
Houston Rocket
πββοΈπ Combining exercise and exploration β audiobooks make my runs more exciting! πββοΈπ§ π§ Making housework more enjoyable β audiobooks turn mundane chores into moments of discovery. π§Ήπ Streamlining my audiobook journey β this app's design is top-notch. Looping playback is a study aid sent from heaven. It's helping me ace my exams!
Scooby Did
I'm blown away by the range of non-fiction audiobooks available β so much to learn! Looping playback is my favorite study tool. It's a game-changer for mastering challenging content. ListenBook has elevated my audiobook experience to new heights. It's a treasure trove of knowledge.
Snapple Whistler
ListenBook's library organization and book groups make managing my collection effortless. π Indulging in soothing bedtime stories β this app is my nightly retreat into imagination. ππ The library organization feature is a blessing. My audiobooks are finally organized and easy to find. ListenBook is the best audiobook player Iβve ever used. The app is reliable, fast, and packed with features like customizable themes and playback speed. The sleep timer is a lifesaver for bedtime listening. Great job, developers!
Vermilion
I can't get enough of this app's user-friendly interface β it's a true delight. π©βπ³ Turning cooking sessions into culinary adventures, complete with intriguing tales! π³π§ I love the auto-rewind feature. ListenBook always picks up right where I left off. The app is constantly updated with new features. The developers really care. A functional audiobook production that met basic requirements. The narrator's voice was pleasant enough to listen to for extended periods, though their performance didn't add much interpretation to the text. The audio engineering was competent without being remarkable.
Street Squirrel
The 'Continue Listening' feature ensures I never lose my place, no matter where I am. With this app, my daily routines have become moments of intellectual exploration and personal growth. This app's convenience has turned my daily chores into moments of literary escape. The statistics feature in ListenBook adds an element of self-awareness to my audiobook consumption.
SunnySnap
Mood-based playlists help me choose books that suit my current state of mind. I'm amazed at how this app has made my daily routines more enjoyable and intellectually fulfilling. An audiobook Iβll listen to again! The story was engaging, and the narratorβs performance made it even better. Some parts were so well-delivered that I replayed them just to hear the emotion again.
JigKraken
The controls on ListenBook are intuitive and user-friendly, making it a joy to navigate through my audiobooks. I can't get enough of this app's convenience β it has transformed my audiobook journey into a joyous experience. πΌ Merging work and pleasure β audiobooks keep me company during house admin tasks! π»π§ The app is very easy to use. ListenBook makes managing my audiobook library simple.
Phoenix Sparrow
I'm hooked on this app β it's my escape to different worlds and adventures. Audiobook enjoyment without the hassle β this app's design is a win. Simplifying audiobook management β this app's functionality is a true asset. Audiobook immersion without complications β this app's ease of use is commendable.
Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience