Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats-from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers-interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
The Dude
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FlyGuardX
Effortlessly managing my audiobook library β this app's design is a triumph. My study sessions are more efficient than ever, thanks to the looping playback and bookmark features.
Emerald Vine
With this app, reading has become an integral part of my daily routine. Automatic metadata extraction keeps my library organized. It's a time-saver! Sharing audiobooks with friends through AirDrop is a fun way to introduce them to captivating stories.
Romance Princess
This app is a boon for book lovers who are always on the go. I'm amazed at how this app has made reading a seamless part of my life. Audiobook lovers, meet your new best friend! This app's smooth playback and easy organization have transformed my reading experience. ππ§ ListenBook Pro's unlimited audiobook length is a boon for those who enjoy deep dives into lengthy narratives. The interface is beautiful and functional. ListenBook is my go-to app for audiobooks.
Hairpin
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Mad Robin
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NecroBull
Audiobook enthusiasts, rejoice! This app is your new best friend. I can't believe how much I've 'read' since I started using this app. With this app, audiobook listening has become an integral part of my daily routines β it's pure bliss. I'm amazed at how effortlessly I can immerse myself in stories with this app. πΌ Making work hours enjoyable β audiobooks turn my tasks into learning opportunities and moments of joy. π»π
Subzero Taffy
I'm grateful for ListenBook's support for a wide range of formats, making it a one-stop solution for audio content. π§ Elevating my reading experience β this app's intuitive controls and organization features make audiobook enjoyment effortless. π±π π Elevating my reading routine β this app's functionality is the key to unlocking new worlds of storytelling. ππ ListenBook makes my commute enjoyable. The audio filters really enhance the listening experience. The appβs design is sleek and modern. ListenBook is my favorite audiobook player.
Mud Finger
The ability to switch between devices seamlessly is a game-changer for busy readers. ListenBook's powerful audio downloading features are a game-changer β I can have my audiobooks ready in no time. Finally, an app that caters to audiobook enthusiasts like me. The diverse format support and user-friendly design are a game-changer. π±π Iβve been using ListenBook for months, and itβs been a fantastic experience. The app is lightweight, doesnβt drain my battery, and works perfectly in the background. The equalizer and voice boost features are amazing. Highly recommend!
Washer
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Feral Mayhem
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Dancing Madman
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Friday Fox
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Capital F
Noise reduction on ListenBook Pro is a revelation. It enhances the audio quality and makes listening comfortable. ListenBook has revolutionized my audiobook enjoyment. It's an essential part of my daily routine.
Kazami of Truth
Thanks to ListenBook's extensive statistics, I can track my audiobook consumption and celebrate my progress. ListenBook's user-friendly audio filters and controls have made my audiobook sessions more interactive and engaging. Audiobooks have become my constant companions during my daily activities. ListenBook's sharing options make it easy to share the joy of captivating stories with friends and family. Iβm so impressed with ListenBook. The app is reliable, fast, and packed with features like customizable themes and playback speed. The sleep timer is a lifesaver for bedtime listening. Highly recommend this app!
EchoExplorer
I can't believe how much more I'm able to read with the help of this app. ListenBook's dedication to delivering a top-notch experience is evident in every detail. The ability to play various audio formats without conversion is very convenient. ListenBook is a great app. A perfectly acceptable audiobook that fulfilled its purpose. The narration was competent if not particularly memorable, and the production quality was standard for the genre. It served as decent background entertainment during mundane tasks.
Demo
I'm hooked on this app's ability to transform my ordinary moments into exciting opportunities for learning. ListenBookβs audio filters are great. The app provides a high-quality listening experience.
Plenty Orange
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Murder Matter
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Soda Delirium
Changing the tone of the sound on ListenBook Pro is a fun way to customize my listening experience. No more fussing with synchronization β this app just gets it done! Playlists and bookmarks are super helpful. Love using ListenBook! This app is perfect for anyone who loves audiobooks. The interface is sleek and modern, and the playback controls are super responsive. I also appreciate the cloud integration, which lets me access my books from anywhere. Great work!
Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience