Book description
First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats-from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers-interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.
GoldTouch
Audiobooks have brought a new level of enjoyment to my daily workout routine. This app is like having a personal library with me wherever I go. ๐๐ Embarking on literary journeys even with my eyes closed โ bedtime stories have taken a new form with this app! ๐ด๐ง Audiobooks at my fingertips โ this app's functionality is a game-changer. is a time-saver. It's convenient for accessing my content.
Murmur
The Looping playback and Shuffle features on ListenBook help me customize my listening sessions to my liking. CUE playlist support helps me organize my audiobooks efficiently. It's a great organizational tool. The interface is sleek and modern. It's a pleasure to navigate and use the app.
Tart Voodoo
With ListenBook, I can now enjoy my favorite audiobooks and speeches with the utmost comfort and convenience. Quick access to chapters and smooth playback. Fantastic app! Easy chapter navigation and beautiful design make this app stand out. I love the chapter navigation feature. ListenBook makes it easy to jump between sections.
Granola Dove
The ListenBook app is a fantastic companion for my long walks, helping me learn and explore at the same time. I'm hooked on this app's ease of use โ it's a reader's dream come true.
Santa's Little Helper
I'm blown away by the range of non-fiction audiobooks available โ so much to learn! ๐ช Boosting my productivity with this app's efficient multitasking features โ audiobook enjoyment while I conquer my to-do list! ๐ผ๐ง ๐ง Navigating through narratives has never been simpler โ this app's functionality enhances my audiobook journey. ๐๐ซ I love how I can adjust the skip intervals. Itโs perfect for my listening style.
Thumb Candy
The sleep timer is a brilliant addition โ I drift off to sleep with amazing stories. My audiobook collection has never been more organized. Library management is a breeze.
Atomic Blastoid
ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature turns any environment into a cozy listening haven. Configurable auto-rewind is genius. No more confusion when I pause and resume.
Lime
Listening to audiobooks has turned mundane tasks into enjoyable experiences. Audiobooks at my fingertips โ this app's functionality is truly impressive.
HighBomber
Audiobooks have become my go-to gift for friends โ and they all love it! Quick access to chapters and controls makes ListenBook a joy to use. It's a seamless experience.
Snapple Whistler
ListenBook Pro's noise reduction feature is a fantastic addition that enhances my audio experience. I'm amazed by the app's versatility in downloading audio. It accommodates various sources seamlessly.
Paris Boost
Finally, an app that supports all audiobook formats! Flawless playback. The audio quality is excellent, and the interface is intuitive. ListenBook is my go-to app for audiobooks. The app is very easy to use. ListenBook makes managing my audiobook library simple.
Short Firecracker
The auto-rewind feature is a small detail that enhances my listening experience. It's these thoughtful touches that matter! Adjusting the narrator's voice tone is a fantastic feature. It adds a personal touch.
CyberScribe
The narrator's voices are so captivating, it's like they bring the stories to life. ๐ก The future of audiobook listening is here โ this app's sleek functionality redefines how we enjoy our favorite stories. ๐ง๐ฎ
WordWanderer
This app has reignited my love for literature in the most delightful way. This app's compatibility with different devices ensures that I can enjoy my audiobooks anywhere, anytime.
Tangerine
I'm addicted to the personalized recommendations โ it's like the app knows me! I can't believe how much more productive I am โ I'm learning and growing while multitasking! I can't believe how quickly I finish books now, all thanks to this app. Bookmarks are a lifesaver for study materials. I never lose my place again.
BoomerBox
Audiobooks have made my long commutes enjoyable, and I'm always eager to see what's next. ๐โโ๏ธ๐ Running through chapters has never been smoother โ the app's streamlined functionality keeps me on track with my reading goals. ๐โโ๏ธ๐ง
Lumberyard
ListenBook's clean interface and organized layout make it a pleasure to browse through my audiobooks. Audiobook multitasking made simple โ this app's functionality is a true delight.
Kill Switch
I can finally tackle my reading list while stuck in traffic โ what a win! I'm hooked on this app's ability to make every moment a reading moment. ๐ถ๐ The harmony between simplicity and functionality in this app is truly impressive. Audiobooks have never sounded this good! ๐ต๐ง Supports all my playlists and bookmarks perfectly. Very convenient.
ThreadTraveler
ListenBook's commitment to excellence shines through in its user-friendly interface and smooth playback. No more worries about compatibility โ ListenBook handles numerous formats flawlessly. ๐ Ironing has become a joy with audiobooks โ wrinkles are no match for these captivating stories! ๐๐ง ListenBook Pro's noise reduction is a lifesaver. I can hear clearly even in noisy environments. ListenBook has become my workout companion. It keeps me engaged and entertained during exercise.
Toy Town
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Playing a wide variety of audio formats
Works on all devices with iOS 13 and newer
Huge amount of features for a small price
Frequent updates to add new features and improve existing ones
Advanced playback controls
Live sound processing
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice and noise reduction
Translated into more than 20 languages
If you love listening to fiction audiobooks, ListenBook has features to make the process easier.
Edit book data: title, author, cover
Use equalizer to make the sound comfortable for you
Adjust the playback speed
Enjoy dark and light app themes
Supported formats: MP3, M4B, AWB, FLAC, OGG audio files and many more (must be DRM free)
Auto-Bookmarks make it easy to find your place
AirPlay support allows redirection of audio output.
VoiceOver support
Dark mode for night owls
Convenient bookmarking system helps you mark the most important places.
Unlimited bookmarks for each audiobook
Put your own cover on the wager
Share your audiobook with friends
Lock-screen control
Customise app with extensive options
Sleep timer with shake to reset, set custom notification sounds, and a few unique options
Auto rewind depending on paused time, customize rewind times to your liking
Removing background noise from recordings made in classrooms and meetings
Changing the timbre of the reader's voice for a better listening experience